跌落式熔断器由绝缘支座、动静触头、熔丝管三部分组成。静触头安绝缘支座两端,熔丝管由内层的消弧管和外层的酚醛纸管或环氧玻璃纤维布管组成。
拉负荷跌落熔断器增加了弹性辅助触头及灭弧罩,用以分合负荷电流。跌落式熔断器在正常运行时,熔丝管借助熔丝张紧后形成闭合位置。当系统发生故障时,故障电流使熔丝迅速熔断,并形成电弧,消弧管受电弧灼热,分解出大量气体,使管内形成很高的压力,并沿管道强烈纵吹,电弧迅速被拉长而熄灭。熔丝熔断后,下部静触头失去张力而下翻,使缩紧机构释放熔丝管,熔丝管跌落形成明显的开断位置。当需要拉负荷时,用绝缘杆拉开动触头,此时主动、静触头依然接触,继续用绝缘杆拉动触头,辅助触头也分开,在出头之间产生电弧,电弧在灭弧罩狭缝中被拉长,同时灭弧罩产生气体,在电流过零时,将电弧熄灭。
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